Contains the performance score measures of participants at two time points. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of gender and stress on performance score. The three-way mixed ANOVA test can be used to investigate this question.
The data include two between-subjects factors (gender and stress) and one within-subject factor (time, repeated measures).
It is the data set used in the Datanovia tutorial “Mixed ANOVA in R: One Between- and One Within-Subjects Factor” (https://www.datanovia.com/learn/biostatistics/anova/mixed-anova-in-r).
data("performance")A data frame with 60 rows and 5 columns (stored as a tibble).
participant identifier (1 to 60).
the participant's gender, "male" or "female".
the stress level, "low", "moderate" or "high".
a simulated performance score at the first time point (an arbitrary scale with no real-world units).
the performance score at the second time point (same scale as t1).
A simulated dataset for teaching three-way mixed ANOVA.
Datanovia tutorial: Mixed ANOVA in R: One Between- and One Within-Subjects Factor.
data(performance)
head(performance)
#> # A tibble: 6 × 5
#> id gender stress t1 t2
#> <int> <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 male low 5.96 5.58
#> 2 2 male low 5.51 5.82
#> 3 3 male low 5.63 5.47
#> 4 4 male low 5.71 5.79
#> 5 5 male low 5.74 5.72
#> 6 6 male low 5.62 5.68
# Three-way mixed ANOVA: gender and stress (between) x time (within)
perf_long <- reshape(performance, varying = c("t1", "t2"),
v.names = "score", timevar = "time", direction = "long")
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
#> Warning: number of items to replace is not a multiple of replacement length
summary(aov(score ~ gender * stress * factor(time) + Error(factor(id)/factor(time)),
data = perf_long))
#> Warning: Error() model is singular
#>
#> Error: factor(id)
#> Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
#> gender 1 0.0039 0.0039 0.146 0.704
#> stress 2 0.8272 0.4136 15.459 5.39e-06 ***
#> factor(time) 1 0.0245 0.0245 0.918 0.343
#> gender:stress 2 0.1058 0.0529 1.978 0.149
#> Residuals 52 1.3912 0.0268
#> ---
#> Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
#>
#> Error: factor(id):factor(time)
#> Df Sum Sq Mean Sq
#> factor(time) 1 0.07446 0.07446