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Changelog

Source: NEWS.md

factoextra 2.2.0.9000

  • Development version.

factoextra 2.2.0

New features

  • fviz_dend() gains a highlight argument to emphasize the branches leading to specific leaves (with highlight.col / highlight.lwd); it layers on top of the cluster colouring, so highlighted branches stand out while every other branch keeps its colour. highlight = NULL (default) is unchanged. For other branch styling (e.g. dashed branches) pass a pre-styled dendextend object, which fviz_dend() honours (see ?fviz_dend).

  • New fviz_umap() and fviz_tsne() to visualize a 2-D UMAP or t-SNE embedding (from uwot, Rtsne, umap, or a plain coordinate matrix) with factoextra’s grouping, ellipse and palette styling, including colouring points by a continuous feature value. An embedding has no eigenvalues, so the axes are labelled UMAP1/UMAP2 (tSNE1/tSNE2) without a percentage and there is no scree plot, loadings or correlation circle; when requested, the group outline defaults to a convex hull rather than a normal confidence ellipse (which would assume a metric the embedding does not preserve). uwot and Rtsne are Suggests.

  • as_factoextra_pca() gains recipe and workflow methods, so a PCA fitted inside a tidymodels recipe (recipes::step_pca()) or a fitted workflow plots directly with the fviz_pca_*/fviz_eig/fviz_contrib/fviz_cos2 family: prep(rec) |> as_factoextra_pca() |> fviz_pca_biplot(). Scores, loadings and the full set of eigenvalues are extracted through the public recipes/workflows API, so the scree plot and axis percentages are honest even when only a few components are kept. When inputs are provably centered, variable-component correlations and cos2 are recovered separately from the loading-times-component-SD arrow coordinates; the two coincide for centered, unit-scaled inputs. recipes and workflows are Suggests.

  • New factoextra_palette() and theme_factoextra(). factoextra_palette("okabe") returns the Okabe-Ito colorblind-safe categorical colors as a vector to pass to the existing palette argument (e.g. fviz_cluster(res, palette = factoextra_palette("okabe"))); theme_factoextra() is a clean publication theme with a light coordinate grid, passed via ggtheme or added with +. Both are explicit and stateless (no global option). The Okabe-Ito colors are those of grDevices::palette.colors("Okabe-Ito").

  • fviz_nbclust() and fviz_gap_stat() gain a mark_optimal argument. Set mark_optimal = TRUE to mark the elbow of the "wss" plot with a dashed guide line (a deterministic maximum-distance heuristic; see ?fviz_nbclust); mark_optimal = FALSE omits the optimal-cluster guide line for every method. The default (NULL) keeps each method’s existing behavior: the guide line is shown for "silhouette" and "gap_stat" and omitted for "wss".

  • fviz_cos2() and fviz_contrib() gain a display argument. display = "heatmap" draws a grid with one tile per element and dimension, filled and labelled by the per-dimension cos2/contribution, so the quality/contribution across several dimensions can be read at once. The default (display = "bar") is unchanged.

  • fviz_pca_ind(), fviz_cluster() (and the other individual / row / column plots) gain a max.points argument for large datasets. When there are more than max.points points, a reproducible random subset of that many is drawn so labels, colours and ellipses stay readable instead of over-plotting. When points are grouped (e.g. habillage, or clusters in fviz_cluster()) the draw is stratified so every group keeps a minimum number of points and none is decimated, and a message reports how many points are shown. Only the drawn points are thinned: any ellipse (addEllipses / the cluster frame) and the group/cluster centres are still computed on the full data, so a convex hull or confidence ellipse is not distorted by dropping the extreme points a random draw tends to lose. A continuous colour, fill or size mapping (e.g. col.ind = "cos2") and its legend are likewise pinned to the full-data range, so a point’s colour, fill and size do not depend on how many points are drawn. The draw does not disturb the caller’s random stream. max.points = NULL (default) draws every point, and sample.seed controls which subset is chosen.

  • fviz_mca_ind() and fviz_mca_biplot() gain a quanti.sup argument. Set quanti.sup = TRUE to overlay the supplementary quantitative variables of a FactoMineR MCA on the map as correlation arrows, so a continuous covariate’s direction can be read against the category/individual cloud. Each arrow’s length is proportional to the variable’s absolute correlation with the dimensions (relative to the cloud extent). The default (quanti.sup = FALSE) leaves the map unchanged.

  • The select.ind / select.var (and select.row / select.col) lists gain a union element. When several of name / cos2 / contrib are supplied they are combined with AND by default (each condition further narrows the selection, as before); union = TRUE combines them with OR instead, so named elements are kept together with the top-cos2 or top-contrib ones, e.g. select.var = list(name = c("V1", "V2"), contrib = 10, union = TRUE). The same result can still be obtained by precomputing the set and passing it as name; union is a convenience for building it inline. The default (no union, or union = FALSE) is unchanged. Thanks to @qfazille (#53).

Main changes

  • get_pca_ind(): individual contributions for prcomp objects, and for ade4 PCA objects with non-uniform row weights, are now normalized to sum to 100 percent per axis, matching FactoMineR::PCA(). Previously prcomp individual contributions were divided by the (n-1)-normalized eigenvalue and summed to 100 * (n - 1) / n instead of 100. This changes the individual contribution values returned for those objects (and any fviz_contrib() / fviz_pca() colouring derived from them). princomp individual contributions, coordinates, and cos2 are unchanged for ordinary finite inputs. Variable contributions are unchanged on nonzero, ordinarily scaled axes; zero-inertia and extreme-magnitude axes now return stable finite values instead of NaN or overflow. For a rank-truncated prcomp object, individual cos2 is explicitly defined within the retained component subspace because discarded row inertia is not stored in the fit. The corrected values match FactoMineR::PCA() and ade4::inertia.dudi(). Thanks to 3 (#274).

  • fviz_pca_biplot(): biplot.type = "form" and biplot.type = "covariance" now use the exact Gabriel biplot factorization, matching stats::biplot(scale = 0) and stats::biplot(scale = 1) respectively, instead of the previous display heuristic. The usual biplot.type = "auto" scaling algorithm is otherwise unchanged. Rank-truncated prcomp fits now use only the retained component standard deviations when computing variable coordinates, avoiding recycled values and incorrect arrows. The exact modes also handle formula fits with na.exclude; covariance mode uses n.obs for princomp, matching stats::biplot(). The exact modes require a prcomp / princomp object. Thanks to 3 (#274).

  • as_factoextra_pca() recipe / workflow methods (tidymodels): variable-component correlations and cos2 are now recovered from the full PCA inertia, so they match FactoMineR::PCA() of the same data even when step_pca() keeps only a few components (previously the cos2 was normalized within the retained subspace and matched only when all components were kept). scale.unit is set to TRUE only when every PCA input is both centered and unit-scaled at the PCA boundary. When the metrics cannot be recovered (e.g. a bare step_pca() or a zero-inertia variable), get_pca_var() returns NULL for its correlation and cos2 entries instead of synthesizing them from the retained coordinates. Scores, eigenvalues, variable coordinates and contributions remain available, so ordinary variable arrows still work; correlation/cos2-dependent displays fail explicitly, the correlation circle is omitted, and a warning gives the applicable centering or zero-inertia remedy. For fully normalized inputs, the recovered metrics match FactoMineR::PCA(). To keep scores consistent with the fitted loadings and eigenvalues, step_pca() must be the final recipe step. Case-weighted fits fail explicitly until their weights can be propagated into individual contributions. Thanks to 3 (#274).

  • get_clust_tendency(): the Hopkins statistic now samples the observed points without replacement (the previous code sampled with replacement, which could draw the same observation more than once), counts a duplicated row as a valid zero-distance neighbour, and is computed on a normalized distance scale for numerical stability. Zero-range columns are ignored, so adding a redundant constant variable does not change the statistic. This changes the Hopkins value returned for a given seed. It now errors clearly when every nearest-neighbour distance is zero (the statistic is undefined). Thanks to 3 (#274).

  • fviz_eig(parallel = TRUE) (Horn’s parallel analysis, an opt-in overlay): the simulated eigenvalue thresholds now use a corrected reference distribution. Covariance PCA (prcomp(scale. = FALSE) / princomp(cor = FALSE)) previously simulated unit-variance random data, giving statistically wrong thresholds; the reference now matches the fitted object’s marginal variances. Full-rank correlation PCA is unaffected in distribution (parallel analysis is a Monte-Carlo procedure, so exact threshold values depend on the seed); wide (n <= p) fits now simulate over the original variable count. A rank-truncated correlation fit is accepted only when a retained formula call proves literal scale. = TRUE; default-method and custom/symbolic scale fits cannot be distinguished from the truncated object and fail closed. Other fits whose reference distribution cannot be reconstructed (uncentered fits, rank-truncated covariance fits, ambiguous princomp cor) also error clearly instead of returning misleading thresholds. Separately, fviz_eig() warns when a FactoMineR PCA object stores an incomplete eigenvalue spectrum (refit with a larger ncp for a complete scree plot). Thanks to 3 (#274).

  • fviz_gap_stat() (and fviz_nbclust(method = "gap_stat")): when a partial maxSE list is supplied without a method, the fallback is now "firstSEmax" (the documented default and cluster::maxSE’s default) instead of "firstmax". This only affects callers who pass, e.g., maxSE = list(SE.factor = 2) with no method; the previous "firstmax" fallback silently ignored the SE.factor they set (that rule does not use it). Default calls and calls that pass a method are unchanged. eclust()’s internal gap default is aligned for consistency. Thanks to 3 (#274).

Minor changes

  • fviz_dend(): corrected the documentation of the type argument, which listed a "triangle" value that the function does not accept (the valid values are "rectangle", "circular" and "phylogenic"). Thanks to @Nelson-Gon (#144).
  • ?fviz_dend now documents how to compare two dendrograms (a tanglegram) with dendextend::tanglegram() / untangle() / entanglement(), which factoextra already depends on.
  • Fixed a typo in the default title of fviz_cos2() / fviz_contrib() for quantitative variables (“quantitive” -> “quantitative”).
  • Clarified and corrected documentation across several help pages: the contribution-based selection help now says “highest contributions” (was “highest cos2”), fviz_famd()’s habillage help refers to a FAMD (not MFA) object, the ExPosition class name is spelled expoOutput in fviz_ca() / fviz_mca(), the generated ggtheme help no longer claims a single default that disagrees with function signatures, and the clean_lock_files() example is now self-contained. The HMFA selection help now includes the supported union option. Thanks to 3 (#274).
  • Clearer, earlier input validation for edge cases, so mistakes fail with an informative message instead of a downstream error: fviz_umap()/fviz_tsne() require two distinct positive integer dims; fviz_nbclust() validates k.max; fviz_dend() validates k/h against the tree; get_clust_tendency() checks n and requires finite data; oversized axis indices are rejected before integer conversion; and as_factoextra_pca() validates scale.unit and the supplied eigenvalues. Valid calls are unaffected. Thanks to 3 (#274).
  • as_factoextra_pca() now derives cos2, contributions, and eigenvalue percentages on rescaled intermediate values and infers omitted eigenvalues without premature overflow, so representable results remain stable at very small or very large magnitudes. Its PCA-variable print method lists only metrics that are actually available while preserving the established descriptions for metrics that remain present.
  • get_eigenvalue() (and the fviz_eig() scree plot) computes the variance percentages on a rescaled intermediate, so an extreme-magnitude eigenvalue spectrum returns finite percentages instead of NaN or an overflow. Ordinary spectra are unchanged to floating-point precision.
  • get_pca_var(): for ade4 dudi.pca objects, the coord and contrib components are now returned as plain numeric matrices, matching the prcomp and princomp output; the values are unchanged.
  • Function help pages and the README now link to the corresponding Datanovia tutorial for each method, and the retired sthda.com documentation links were refreshed to their current datanovia.com locations.

Bug fixes

  • fviz_dend(): the cex argument now scales the leaf-label size for the "rectangle" and "circular" types. The label size was mapped through ggplot2’s default continuous size scale, which collapsed a single per-plot cex value to a fixed size, so cex had no visible effect; leaf labels are now sized directly from cex (and a per-leaf labels_cex set through dendextend is honoured). At the default cex = 0.8 the labels are marginally smaller than before. Thanks to @dir21 (#281).
  • fviz_ca_biplot() / fviz_ca(): invisible = "col.sup" now hides supplementary columns (the column branch was keyed off the row-supplementary flag, so supplementary columns stayed visible). Thanks to 3 (#274).
  • fviz_mclust() now applies the ggtheme argument to every plot type ("classification", "uncertainty", "BIC"); it previously ignored it and always used theme_classic(). The default is unchanged. Thanks to 3 (#274).
  • fviz_cluster() now aligns a named clustering to the plotted data by row name when both carry complete, unique, matching names, so points are not mis-coloured when data is ordered differently from the clustering; it also accepts a clustering component (as produced by pam()/clara()) in a custom list(data=, clustering=) object. Assignments that do not line up by name are used positionally, as before, except that pam() / fanny() and hcut() objects fitted on a dissimilarity reject complete non-matching row-name sets because positional use would mis-colour observations. Thanks to 3 (#274).
  • invisible = "all" now hides all plotted elements (it was silently accepted but had no effect); on the individual and variable maps, a selection by name that includes names not present now warns instead of silently dropping them. fviz_pca_var() / fviz_pca_biplot() now draw a FactoMineR PCA’s supplementary quantitative variables, which were previously omitted because the wrong result slot was read; their names are also recognised by the selection validation, so a select.* list naming one no longer warns or silently drops it. select.ind now also limits MFA/HMFA partial-point and segment overlays, including union selections, instead of leaving every individual’s partial geometry visible. A lone unavailable contribution condition wrapped in union = TRUE now gives the same explicit unavailable-metric error as the ordinary single-condition path. Thanks to 3 (#274).

factoextra 2.1.0

CRAN release: 2026-06-26

New features

New functions

New arguments

  • New shape.ind argument in fviz_pca_ind() and fviz_pca_biplot() maps point shape to a grouping factor independently of colour, so individuals can be coloured by one variable and shaped by another (e.g. fviz_pca_ind(res, col.ind = group1, shape.ind = group2)). fviz() likewise now accepts a factor for pointshape. Default behaviour is unchanged. (#36, #51)
  • New rotate.labels argument in fviz() (and thus fviz_pca_var(), fviz_pca_biplot(), etc.): when TRUE, variable text labels are rotated to the angle of their arrows (ggbiplot style). Defaults to FALSE (unchanged); use with repel = FALSE. (#98)
  • fviz_pca_var()/fviz_pca_biplot() (via fviz()) gain an add.circle argument to force (TRUE) or suppress (FALSE) the variable correlation circle. Default NULL keeps the previous automatic behavior (shown only for unit-variance PCA). Useful when scaling manually and fitting prcomp(scale = FALSE). (#88)
  • fviz_pca_var() / fviz_pca_biplot() (and other arrow plots) gain an arrow.linetype argument to set the variable-arrow line type (e.g. "dashed"). Default "solid" reproduces the previous appearance. (#73)
  • fviz_dend() gains a labels_font argument (“plain”/“bold”/“italic”/“bold.italic”) to set the leaf-label font face, e.g. italic species names. Default “plain” leaves labels unchanged. (#121)
  • fviz_dend() gains a match_coord_colors argument (default FALSE). When TRUE, cluster colours are remapped from left-to-right leaf order to cluster-label order, so a dendrogram’s colours match fviz_cluster()/fviz_silhouette() for the same clustering. Default FALSE keeps the previous colouring unchanged. (#103)
  • fviz_dend() now renders the sub argument as a plot subtitle. sub defaults to NULL (no subtitle, as before); set it to a string to add one. (#54)

New backend and input support

  • PCA extractors and fviz_pca_*() now support ade4 between-class and within-class PCA (ade4::bca() / ade4::wca()). Individual contributions match ade4::inertia.dudi(). (#126)
  • fviz_nbclust() now accepts a precomputed dissimilarity ("dist") as x for method = "silhouette"/"wss", passing it to dissimilarity-capable FUNclusters (e.g. cluster::pam, factoextra::hcut). Non-diss methods (kmeans/clara) and method = "gap_stat" raise a clear error instead of mis-clustering. (#90)
  • eclust() gains "hkmeans" as a FUNcluster option, so hierarchical k-means can be run through the same enhanced-clustering interface (with gap-statistic k selection, silhouette info, and plotting). (#78)
  • eclust() now accepts a precomputed dissimilarity matrix (an object of class "dist") as x for hierarchical clustering ("hclust", "agnes", "diana"), so custom distances such as Bray-Curtis (e.g. vegan::vegdist(df, "bray")) can be used. In that case hc_metric is ignored and k must be supplied. Previously a "dist" input was silently recomputed as a Euclidean distance. (#182)
  • get_famd(), get_mfa(), facto_summarize(), fviz_famd_*(), and fviz_mfa_*() now support supplementary qualitative variable categories via quali.sup, including overlay, print, and category-name compatibility paths. Regression coverage and examples expanded accordingly. (#202,

Main changes

Documentation

  • New vignette “Extending factoextra to support new analysis backends” documenting the get_*() / fviz_*() extension contract (which functions to edit and the standardized return structure), with ExPosition as a worked example and a vegan (RDA/CCA) template, plus a “Quick start: bring your own coordinates” section for as_factoextra_pca(). (#23)

Validation and messaging

  • fviz_*() now warn when label or invisible contain an unrecognized value (e.g. label = "id" instead of "ind") and list the valid values, instead of silently drawing nothing. Recognized values are unchanged. (#165)
  • get_dist(), eclust(), hcut(), and fviz_cluster() reject stand = TRUE scaling that produces NA values with a package-level error instead of leaking low-level clustering or plotting failures. (#209, 3)
  • fviz_dist() and hcut(isdiss = TRUE) reject non-finite distance objects. (#209, 3)
  • fviz_eig() validates ncp, parallel.iter, and parallel.seed before plotting. Integer-like numeric values are accepted; fractional, NA, or out-of-range values are rejected. (#209, 3)
  • facto_summarize() and the fviz_* axis helpers reject NA, zero, negative, or fractional axis indices consistently. (#209, 3)
  • get_mca_var() reports missing quantitative supplementary MCA variables with a package-level error. (#209, 3)

Compatibility

  • fviz_dend() uses current igraph phylogenic helpers internally while keeping phylo_layout = "layout.auto", "layout.gem", and "layout.mds" as backward-compatible aliases. Modern names "layout_nicely", "layout_with_gem", and "layout_with_mds" are also accepted. (#209,

Minor changes

  • alpha.var/alpha.ind (and alpha) now also fade the variable/individual text labels, not just the points and arrows, in fviz_pca_*() and the other biplots. Only a numeric alpha < 1 is affected; the default (alpha = 1) is unchanged. (#130)
  • Clearer error when a col/fill vector passed to a fviz_* plot has the wrong length (e.g. colouring variables in fviz_pca_var() by an observation-level group): the message now explains the length must match the elements plotted (individuals for fviz_*_ind(), variables for fviz_*_var()) or be a metric. (#139)
  • Help pages, examples, README, and package metadata refreshed to document the new helper-level k = 1 paths, the stricter validation surface across the clustering, MCA, and eigenvalue helpers, and the phylogenic layout compatibility surface. (#209, 3)

Bug fixes

  • hcut() and hkmeans() no longer pre-empt k > number-of-observations with a custom error; the native stats::cutree() error ("elements of 'k' must be between 1 and N") is restored. This keeps backward compatibility with the published behaviour and fixes the chooseGCM reverse dependency on CRAN.
  • get_pca_ind() now works for ade4 dudi.pca objects. Their $li/$tab are data frames, which previously collapsed the internal cos2 matrix into a list and raised “attempt to set ‘colnames’ on an object with less than two dimensions”; fviz_pca_ind() on a dudi.pca failed as a result. prcomp/ princomp output is unchanged. (#126)
  • fviz_dend() now honors an explicit k for HCPC objects (e.g. fviz_dend(res.hcpc, k = 5)); previously the user-supplied k was silently overwritten by the HCPC cluster count. With k = NULL (default) the behavior is unchanged. (#81)
  • fviz_mca_biplot() now forwards the map argument to the individuals and variable categories, so asymmetric maps (e.g. "rowprincipal", "colprincipal", "symbiplot") take effect instead of always drawing the symmetric map. (#142)
  • fviz_dend(): lwd now controls ggplot branch thickness correctly and no longer triggers a spurious linewidth legend. (#200, 3)
  • fviz_nbclust() computes the k = 1 WSS baseline internally, so helpers such as hcut() and hkmeans() no longer crash when used as FUNcluster. eclust() handles hierarchical auto-selected k = 1 results and preserves observation names; fviz_nbclust(method = "silhouette") omits the undefined k = 1 point and keeps the optimum guide aligned with the displayed cluster count. fviz_silhouette() errors cleanly when silhouette information is unavailable (one-cluster eclust/hcut results). (#203, #209, 3)
  • print() for HMFA group results lists only available components, dropping the blank placeholder rows from the previous fixed-size layout. (#209,
  • get_pca_ind() returns cos2 = 0 (not NaN) for rows at the PCA centroid; fviz_pca_biplot(biplot.type = "auto") falls back to a safe scaling ratio when variable coordinates are degenerate. (#209, 3)
  • get_pca_var() strips the base R "loadings" S3 class from results for princomp() objects, so coord, cor, cos2, and contrib are returned as plain numeric matrices. Previously they inherited the "loadings" class, whose print() method hid values with |x| < 0.1 and broke downstream manipulation. (#212)
  • FAMD/MFA plots (fviz_contrib(), fviz_famd_ind(), fviz_famd_var()) no longer error with duplicate 'row.names' are not allowed when qualitative variables share factor-level names (e.g. several variables with Low/High). Colliding categories are relabelled variable_level (e.g. Acidity_Low); non-colliding labels are unchanged. (#184, #140)
  • fviz_dend(rect = TRUE): the default lower_rect (rectangle depth) now scales with tree height for short trees (max height < 1, e.g. correlation/gower distances), where the previous fixed -0.5 offset pushed rectangles far below the labels. Taller trees keep the previous default. (#55)
  • fviz_dend(rect = TRUE) no longer errors (“Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data”) for dendrograms with tied merge heights; the cluster rectangles now always match k, and rect_border/rect_fill colour vectors are recycled to k. (#154, #168)
  • fviz_mclust_bic(): the red “optimal clusters” line now lands on the correct cluster when the model’s cluster counts don’t start at 1 (e.g. a restricted G range or a noise/outlier model). It previously used the numeric G as a position on the discrete x-axis; standard G = 1:k models are unaffected. (#116)
  • fviz_cluster() no longer leaks its point-label text layer into the legend (the stray a key), matching the scatter and dendrogram plots. (#14)
  • fviz_dend() no longer leaks its leaf-label text layer into the legend (the stray a/cex key), matching the scatter-plot cleanup. (#14)
  • fviz_cluster() now plots pam()/fanny() results fitted on a dissimilarity matrix (diss = TRUE) when the original data is passed via data= (previously the user’s data= was overwritten by the object’s empty data slot, erroring with “‘data’ must be of vector type, was NULL”). The clusters come from the object; data= is used only for the 2-D layout. A clear message is shown if no data is available. (#128)
  • Point/individual labels no longer add a stray a glyph to the colour/fill legend (e.g. fviz_pca_ind(..., habillage = )). Text layers are now excluded from the legend keys; labels still appear on the plot. (#14)

factoextra 2.0.0

CRAN release: 2026-03-03

Major modernization release after 6 years. Resolves 30+ open issues and aligns with the current R/ggplot2/FactoMineR ecosystem.

Breaking Changes

  • R >= 4.1.0 required (was >= 3.1.2).
  • ggplot2 >= 3.5.2 required (previously no minimum).
  • FactoMineR >= 2.13 required.
  • get_clust_tendency(): Hopkins statistic now uses the corrected Wright (2022) formula — values will differ from earlier versions. Default seed changed from 123 to NULL.
  • tidyr and reshape2 no longer needed — replaced with base R internally.

ggplot2 Compatibility Fixes

Bug Fixes

New Features

  • fviz_eig(): parallel analysis support (Horn 1965).
  • fviz_pca_biplot(): scaling types (Gabriel 1971).
  • get_clust_tendency(): stricter input validation, RNG state preservation, options(factoextra.warn_hopkins = FALSE) to suppress one-time warning.
  • hcut() and hkmeans(): improved input checks and error handling. Redundant k >= n checks removed to preserve backward-compatible error messages from cutree() / kmeans() (avoids breaking reverse dependencies such as chooseGCM). (3, #199)
  • Expanded testthat test suite (113 tests). (3, #199)
  • GitHub Actions R-CMD-check workflow.

Internal

factoextra 1.0.7

CRAN release: 2020-04-01

Minor changes

  • Adding stringsAsFactors = TRUE to the relevant calls to data.frame to anticipate compatibility with future R 4.0.0

factoextra 1.0.6

CRAN release: 2019-12-05

Minor changes

Bug fixes

factoextra 1.0.5

CRAN release: 2017-08-22

Bug fixes

Minor changes

  • New argument mean.point in the function fviz(). logical value. If TRUE, group mean points are added to the plot.

  • Now, PCA correlation circles have fixed coordinates so they don’t appear as ellipses (@scoavoux, #38.

  • New argument fill.ind and fill.var added in fviz_pca() (@ginolhac, #27 and @Confurious, #42).

  • New arguments geom.ind and geom.var in fviz_pca_xxx() and fviz_mca_xxx() functions to have more controls on the individuals/variables geometry in the functions fviz_pca_biplot() and fviz_mca_biplot() (@Confurious, #42).

  • New arguments geom.row and geom.col in fviz_ca_xxx() functions to have more controls on the individuals/variables geometry in the function fviz_ca_biplot() (@Confurious, #42).

  • New argument gradient.cols in fviz_pca_biplot()

  • New argument axes in fviz_cluster() to specify the dimension to plot.

  • New argument circlesize in the function fviz() to change the size of the variable correlation circle size.

  • It’s now possible to color individuals using a custom continuous variable (#29). This is done using the argument col.ind.

library(factoextra)
data(iris)
res.pca <- prcomp(iris[, -5],  scale = TRUE)

# Visualize and color by a custom continuous variable
fviz_pca_ind(res.pca, col.ind = iris$Sepal.Length,
             legend.title = "Sepal.Length")
  • factoextra can now handle Japanese characters by using the argument font.family = “HiraKakuProN-W3”` (#31). For example:
library(FactoMineR)
library(factoextra)

.tbl2.1 <- matrix(c(395, 2456,1758,
                    147, 153, 916, 
                    694, 327, 1347),byrow=T,3,3)
dimnames(.tbl2.1) <- list(地域=c("オスロ","中部地域","北部地域"),
                            犯罪=c("強盗", "詐欺","破壊") )


res.CA <- CA(.tbl2.1,graph=FALSE)

fviz_ca_biplot(res.CA,map="simbiplot",title="simbiplot",
               font.family = "HiraKakuProN-W3")

factoextra 1.0.4

CRAN release: 2017-01-09

New features

  • New function fviz_mclust() for plotting model-based clustering using ggplot2.

  • New function fviz(): Generic function to create a scatter plot of multivariate analysis outputs, including PCA, CA and MCA, MFA, …

  • New functions fviz_mfa_var() and fviz_hmfa_var() for plotting MFA and HMFA variables, respectively.

  • New function get_mfa_var(): Extract the results for variables (quantitatives, qualitatives and groups). Deprecated functions: get_mfa_var_quanti(), get_mfa_var_quali() and get_mfa_group().

  • New functions added for extracting and visualizing the results of FAMD (factor analysis of mixed data): get_famd_ind(), get_famd_var(), fviz_famd_ind() and fviz_famd_var().

  • Now fviz_dend() returns a ggplot. It can be used to plot circular dendrograms and phylogenic-like trees. Additionally, it supports an object of class HCPC (from FactoMineR).

  • New arguments in fviz_cluster():

    • main, xlab, ylab in fviz_cluster(): to change the plot main title and axis labels.
    • ellipse, ellipse.type, ellipse.level and ellipse.alpha
    • choose.vars: a character vector containing variables to be considered for plotting.

  • New argument pointshape in fviz_pca(). When you use habillage, point shapes change automatically by groups. To avoid this behaviour use for example pointshape = 19 in combination with habillage (@raynamharris, #15).

  • New argument repel in fviz_add().

  • New argument gradient.cols in fviz_*() functions.

  • Support for the ExPosition package added (epCA, epPCA, epMCA) (#23)

Minor changing

  • Check point added in the function fviz_nbclust() to make sure that x is an object of class data.frame or matrix (Jakub Nowosad, #15).

  • The following arguments are deprecated in fviz_cluster(): title, frame, frame.type, frame.level, frame.alpha. Now, use main, ellipse, ellipse.type, ellipse.level and ellipse.alpha instead.

  • Now, by default, the function fviz_cluster() doesn’t show cluster mean points for an object of class PAM and CLARA, when the argument show.clust.cent is missing . This is because cluster centers are medoids in the case of PAM and CLARA but not means. However, user can force the function to display the mean points by using the argument show.clust.cent = TRUE.

  • The argument jitter is deprecated; use repel = TRUE instead, to avoid overlapping of labels.

  • New argument “sub” in fviz_dend() for adding a subtitle to the dendrogram. If NULL, the method used hierarchical clustering is shown. To remove the subtitle use sub = "".

Bug fixes

factoextra 1.0.3

CRAN release: 2016-04-26

NEW FEATURES

  • New fviz_mfa function to plot MFA individuals, partial individuals, quantitive variables, categorical variables, groups relationship square and partial axes (@inventionate, #4).

  • New fviz_hmfa function to plot HMFA individuals, quantitive variables, categorical variables and groups relationship square (@inventionate, #4).

  • New get_mfa and get_hmfa function (@inventionate, #4).

  • fviz_ca, fviz_pca, fviz_mca, fviz_mfa and fviz_hmfa ggrepel support (@inventionate, #4).

  • Updated fviz_summarize, eigenvalue, fviz_contrib and fviz_cos2 functions, to compute FactoMineR MFA and HMFA results (@inventionate, #4).

  • fviz_cluster() added. This function can be used to visualize the outputs of clustering methods including: kmeans() [stats package]; pam(), clara(), fanny() [cluster package]; dbscan() [fpc package]; Mclust() [mclust package]; HCPC() [FactoMineR package]; hkmeans() [factoextra].

  • fviz_silhouette() added. Draws the result of cluster silhouette analyses computed using the function silhouette()[cluster package]

  • fviz_nbclust(): Determines and visualizes the optimal number of clusters

  • fviz_gap_stat(): Visualize the gap statistic generated by the function clusGap() [in cluster package]

  • hcut(): Computes hierarchical clustering and cut the tree into k clusters.

  • hkmeans(): Hierarchical k-means clustering. Hybrid approach to avoid the initial random selection of cluster centers.

  • get_clust_tendency(): Assessing clustering tendency

  • fviz_dend(): Enhanced visualization of dendrogram

  • eclust(): Visual enhancement of clustering analysis

  • get_dist() and fviz_dist(): Enhanced Distance Matrix Computation and Visualization

  • eclust(): Visual enhancement of clustering analysis

MINOR CHANGING

  • Require R >= 3.1.0
  • A dataset named “multishapes” has been added. It contains clusters of multiple shapes. Useful for comparing density-based clustering and partitioning methods such as k-means
  • The argument jitter is added to the functions fviz_pca(), fviz_mca() and fviz_ca() and fviz_cluster() in order to reduce overplotting of points and texts
  • The functions fviz_*() now use ggplot2::stat_ellipse() for drawing ellipses.

BUG FIXES

  • Unknown parameters “shape” removed from geom_text (@bdboy, #5)

factoextra 1.0.2

NEW FEATURES

  • Visualization of Correspondence Analysis outputs from different R packages (FactoMineR, ca, ade4, MASS)

  • fviz_ca_row()

  • fviz_ca_col()

  • fviz_ca_biplot()

  • Extract results from CA output

  • get_ca_row()

  • get_ca_col()

  • get_ca()

  • Visualize the cos2 and the contributions of rows/columns. The functions can handle the output of PCA, CA and MCA

  • fviz_cos2()

  • fviz_contrib()

  • Sumarize the results of PCA, CA, MCA

  • facto_summarize()

DEPRECATED FUNCTION

  • fviz_pca_contrib() is deprecated -> use fviz_contrib()

MINOR CHANGING

  • fviz_add: “text” are included in the allowed values for the argument geom
  • fviz_screeplot: the X parameter can be also an object of class ca [ca], coa [ade4], correspondence [MASS]
  • get_eigenvalue: X parameters and description changed
  • get_pca_ind: the argument data are no longer required

factoextra 1.0.1

FEATURES

  • Easy to use functions to extract and visualize the output of principal component analysis.